What impact does pulmonary fibrosis have on lung function?

Pulmonary fibrosis is a condition characterized by the scarring and thickening of lung tissue, which significantly affects lung function. The formation of fibrous tissue in the lungs leads to a reduction in lung compliance, meaning that the lungs become stiffer and less able to expand during inhalation. This stiffer lung tissue necessitates more effort to breathe, thereby decreasing lung capacity.

As lung capacity decreases, the overall surface area available for gas exchange also diminishes. This impairment in gas exchange can result in lower levels of oxygen being delivered to the bloodstream and difficulty in removing carbon dioxide from the body. Consequently, individuals with pulmonary fibrosis may experience symptoms such as shortness of breath, a persistent dry cough, and a decreased ability to engage in physical activities due to this compromised lung function.

The other options suggest outcomes that are not consistent with the effects of pulmonary fibrosis; they either imply an increase in lung capacity or an enhancement in function, which is contrary to the well-documented impacts of the disease.