What is the function of the parietal pleura?

The role of the parietal pleura is primarily to line the chest wall. This membrane is a vital part of the pleural cavity, which also includes the visceral pleura that covers the lungs. The parietal pleura serves to create a pleural space that allows for the smooth movement of the lungs during respiration against the chest wall. This lining is structured to provide lubrication and reduce friction as the lungs expand and contract during breathing.

In this context, while the options related to covering the lungs and facilitating gas exchange are important functions of the respiratory system, they pertain more to the visceral pleura and the overall alveolar system rather than the specific role of the parietal pleura. Additionally, pleural fluid is indeed produced, but it is released into the pleural cavity to aid in the movement, rather than being a function of the parietal pleura itself. Therefore, the specific function of the parietal pleura as a lining for the chest wall is what makes this answer correct.