Which condition is characterized by production of thick, sticky mucus in the respiratory system?

Cystic fibrosis is characterized by the production of thick, sticky mucus in the respiratory system due to a genetic defect in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. This condition affects the way chloride and sodium ions move in and out of cells, leading to imbalances that cause the mucus in various organs, particularly the lungs and digestive system, to become thick and sticky.

The accumulation of this thick mucus obstructs airways, creates an environment conducive to bacterial growth, and leads to recurrent respiratory infections and inflammation. This impacts airflow and gas exchange, often resulting in difficulty breathing and reduced lung function over time.

While asthma involves airway inflammation and mucus production, it does not typically result in the consistently thick, sticky mucus seen in cystic fibrosis. Bronchitis refers to inflammation of the bronchial tubes and can lead to increased mucus production, but it does not have the same genetic basis or the severe consequences associated with cystic fibrosis. Pneumonia is primarily an infection of the lungs that causes inflammation and increased mucus, but it is not characterized by the chronic mucus production associated with cystic fibrosis.