Which pair of terms correctly matches the types of lung diseases to their definitions?

The correct pairing highlights the distinguishing features of restrictive and obstructive lung diseases. Restrictive lung diseases are characterized by a reduction in lung capacity, meaning the lungs are unable to expand fully, which limits the total amount of air that can be inhaled. Conditions such as pulmonary fibrosis or sarcoidosis exemplify this category, as they typically involve stiffening of the lung tissue, making it difficult to take deep breaths.

On the other hand, obstructive lung diseases are defined by obstructions in the airways that impede the flow of air, making it difficult to exhale fully. This results in reduced airflow, particularly during exhalation. Conditions such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema are classic examples of obstructive diseases, where inflammation or blockage in the airways leads to increased resistance to airflow.

This understanding of the terms helps clarify how lung diseases are classified based on their impact on lung function and airflow dynamics.