Which respiratory disease is caused by bacteria and leads to symptoms like cough, night sweats, and fever?

The disease characterized by symptoms such as a chronic cough, night sweats, and fever is Tuberculosis (TB). This condition is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which primarily affects the lungs but can also impact other parts of the body. The hallmark of TB is a persistent cough, often accompanied by sputum production and, in advanced cases, coughing up blood. Night sweats are a common systemic symptom associated with the body's inflammatory response to the infection, while fever indicates an active infectious process.

Pneumonia is also a respiratory condition but is typically caused by various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and does not commonly present with night sweats as a core symptom. Asthma is primarily an inflammatory condition of the airways and is not caused by bacteria; its symptoms include wheezing and difficulty breathing rather than systemic symptoms like fever and night sweats. Hay Fever, or allergic rhinitis, is an allergic response involving nasal congestion and sneezing, not causing the systemic infection signs present in tuberculosis. Thus, the identification of TB as the correct disease aligns with the specific symptoms and the causative agent involved.